Haemorrhoids: A Guide to Understanding and Treating Them

Updated on August 29, 2023

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are a prevalent medical condition that affects most people. Characterised by painless rectal bleeding during defecation and prolapsing anal tissue, haemorrhoids resemble varicose veins.

This article speaks about the nature of haemorrhoids, their prevalence, risk factors, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and complications, and also tells you about some home treatments for piles.

What are Haemorrhoids (Piles)?

Haemorrhoids (also known as piles) are small, swollen blood vessels in the anus and rectum. They can bleed, itch, and protrude from the anus. Haemorrhoids are not always present and can be caused by a variety of factors. There are a variety of treatments available for haemorrhoids.

How Common are Haemorrhoids

Piles is a medical condition that is common among the general population. A comprehensive study conducted in Egypt revealed that a staggering 18% of the population suffered from haemorrhoids, highlighting the widespread nature of this condition.

Similarly, research conducted in the Russian Federation indicated that the prevalence of haemorrhoids ranged from 130 to 145 individuals per 1000, with the highest occurrence observed among individuals aged 45 to 65.

In Tanzania, a two-year study identified 140 cases of haemorrhoids, accounting for approximately 6.1% of all medical consultations during that period.

Furthermore, statistics from the United Kingdom suggest that haemorrhoids affect a significant portion of the population, with reported rates ranging from 13% to 36%.

These findings unequivocally demonstrate the varying prevalence of haemorrhoids across different countries, shedding light on the global impact of this condition.

Who is More Likely To Get Haemorrhoids

A variety of factors, including lifestyle choices, medical conditions, and genetics, can contribute to haemorrhoids. Other factors that can increase the risk of piles include: -

Age: Older people are more likely to have haemorrhoids. The tissues that support the veins in the rectum and anus weaken as we age, making them more prone to swelling and inflammation.

Pregnancy: Haemorrhoids can develop as a result of increased pressure on the veins in the lower rectum and anus during pregnancy. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also contribute to haemorrhoids.

Chronic Constipation or Diarrhoea: Straining during bowel movements caused by chronic constipation or diarrhoea can put pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus, increasing the risk of haemorrhoids.

Obesity: Being overweight or obese can put extra strain on the veins in the rectum and anus, increasing the risk of haemorrhoids.

Maintaining a Poor Diet: A diet low in fibre and high in processed foods can cause constipation, which can increase the risk of haemorrhoids. Consuming a high-fibre diet and staying hydrated can help prevent haemorrhoids.

What Are The Types of Haemorrhoids?

Internal and external haemorrhoids are two types of haemorrhoids. Internal haemorrhoids are characterised by the swelling of veins within the rectum. Although typically painless, they may occasionally result in bleeding during bowel movements.

On the other hand, external haemorrhoids refer to the swelling of veins beneath the skin surrounding the anus. These can cause discomfort, to address external haemorrhoids, medical intervention such as medication, surgical procedures, or a combination of both can be employed.

What Causes Hemorrhoids?

Many factors can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids, including:

Straining during Bowel Movements: Exerting excessive effort during bowel movements increases pressure within the rectum and anus, leading to swelling of the veins in these areas.

Prolonged Sitting: Extended periods of sitting, particularly on the toilet, can elevate pressure in the rectum and anus, potentially causing vein enlargement.

Heavy Lifting: Lifting heavy objects places strain on the lower body, including the rectum and anus, which can result in vein swelling.

Constipation: Difficulty in passing stools due to constipation can lead to straining, contributing to the development of haemorrhoids.

Diarrhoea: Even diarrhoea can strain the rectum and anus, potentially leading to haemorrhoids.

Insufficient Dietary Fibre: A diet lacking in fibre can lead to challenging bowel movements, prompting straining that may trigger haemorrhoids.

Genetic Predisposition: Genetics play a role, with some individuals being more prone to developing haemorrhoids than others.

What Are The Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?

The symptoms of haemorrhoids differ depending on whether they are internal or external. Common symptoms of external haemorrhoids include persistent itching, the presence of tender lumps near the anus, pain, especially when sitting, and the potential worsening of symptoms due to excessive straining, rubbing, or cleaning around the affected area. Internal haemorrhoids can cause painless rectal bleeding, discomfort, and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the rectum.

How Are Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?

Haemorrhoids are diagnosed by a physical exam. The doctor will examine the anal region to look for any swelling, redness, or pain. To check for internal haemorrhoids, the doctor may perform a digital rectal exam. This involves inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities. The doctor may also request that you undergo an anoscopy. This is a procedure in which a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the rectum to allow the doctor to get a better view of the anal canal.

What Are The Complications of Hemorrhoids?

Some complications that individuals suffering from haemorrhoids may encounter include:

Thrombosed haemorrhoids: This condition occurs when a clot forms in an external haemorrhoid. Thrombosed haemorrhoids are extremely painful and can result in swelling and inflammation.

Incarcerated haemorrhoids: In this condition, an internal haemorrhoid prolapses or sticks out through the anus and cannot be pushed back in. Incarcerated haemorrhoids can cause severe pain and may even lead to infection.

Fistula: A fistula refers to an abnormal connection between two organs or body cavities. Fistulas can develop around the anus as a complication of haemorrhoids.

Abscess: An abscess is a collection of pus that can form around haemorrhoids. Abscesses are highly painful and may require surgical intervention to drain.

Anaemia: In rare cases, chronic bleeding from haemorrhoids can result in anaemia. Anaemia is a condition characterised by insufficient red blood cells in the body.

How Can I Prevent Haemorrhoids?

Maintain a high-fibre diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to prevent haemorrhoids. Stay hydrated for softer stools, exercise regularly for better bowel function, and avoid straining during bowel movements. Use moist wipes or a bidet to maintain good hygiene, and take hourly breaks if you work at a desk. By following these tips, you can help to reduce your risk of developing haemorrhoids.

How do Healthcare Providers Treat Haemorrhoids?

The severity of the condition influences the treatment of haemorrhoids. Mild cases can be managed with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. In more severe cases, medical procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, and even surgical removal may be required. According to a study, traditional Chinese medicine has also shown promise in preventing and treating haemorrhoids with a combination of natural ingredients.

Risk Factors of Hemorrhoids

Risk factors of haemorrhoids can include age, gender, family history, constipation, low-fibre diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, pregnancy, chronic cough, inadequate water intake, and spicy food. Men over the age of 50 are more vulnerable, as are those with a family history. Straining during bowel movements, sitting for long periods, obesity, and pregnancy can all cause haemorrhoids by increasing pressure on the rectal veins.

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are a common condition with varying prevalence across different populations. Age, lifestyle, genetics, and medical conditions all have an impact on their development. Understanding the different types of haemorrhoids, their causes, symptoms, and potential complications is critical for effective management. Individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing haemorrhoids by eating a fibre-rich diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Medical interventions and procedures tailored to the severity of the condition are available to provide relief and resolution for those experiencing severe cases.

How can I treat Haemorrhoids At Home?

You can effectively manage your haemorrhoids from the comfort of your own home by following these recommended practices:

Consuming Fibre-rich Foods:

Choose a diet that includes a generous amount of high-fibre foods. This will aid in softening your stool and promoting regular bowel movements.

Consider Stool Softeners:

If necessary, you may find it beneficial to incorporate stool softeners or fibre supplements into your routine. These aids can help regulate your bowel movements and alleviate discomfort.

Stay Adequately Hydrated:

It is crucial to maintain proper hydration by consuming an ample amount of fluids each day. This will contribute to softer stools and facilitate smoother bowel movements.

Warm Baths for Pain Relief:

Incorporating warm baths into your daily routine can significantly soothe pain associated with haemorrhoids. You can opt for a regular bath or a sitz bath, which involves sitting in a specialised plastic tub filled with a few inches of warm water.

Conclusion

In conclusion, heart palpitations can be a distressing experience. However, it is crucial to bear in mind that they do not always indicate a severe medical condition. If you encounter palpitations, it is imperative to consult a doctor to eliminate any potential underlying health issues. Nevertheless, even if your palpitations are caused by an underlying condition, there are often treatment options available to alleviate your symptoms.

Your Aster DM Team

If you find that your heart palpitations are not showing signs of improvement or if you are experiencing prolonged and concerning effects, it is highly recommended that you take the proactive step of scheduling an appointment with a skilled Cardiologist at Aster DM. Our cardiologists prioritise your well-being and provide you with treatment options, as well as the assurance and personalised care necessary to address heart palpitations.

FAQs

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References

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